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Survival horror
Survival horror is a subgenre of video games inspired by horror fiction that focuses on survival of the character as the game tries to scare the player(s). Although combat can be a part of the gameplay, the player is made to feel less powerful than in typical action games, because of limited ammunition, health, speed, vision, or other limitations. The player is also challenged to find items that unlock the path to new areas, and solve puzzles at certain locations. Games make use of strong horror themes, and the player is often challenged to navigate dark maze-like environments, and react to unexpected attacks from enemies.
The term "survival horror" was first used for the original Japanese release of ''Resident Evil'' in 1996 which was influenced by earlier games with a horror theme such as 1989's ''Sweet Home''. The name has been used since then for games with similar gameplay, and has been retroactively applied to titles as early as ''3D Monster Maze'' and ''Haunted House'' from 1982. Starting with the release of ''Resident Evil 4'' in 2005, the genre began to incorporate more features from action games and more traditional first-person and third-person shooter games, which has led game journalists to question whether long-standing survival horror franchises and many recent popular horror franchises have abandoned the genre and moved into a different distinct genre often referred to as "action horror".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.gamerevolution.com/manifesto/survival-horror-vs-action-horror-10399 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/06/25/the-evil-within-preview-real-survival-horror-3855378/ )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.zero1gaming.com/2013/05/01/survival-horror-vs-action-horror/ )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3229453/6-upcoming-horror-games-that-look-absolutely-terrifying/ )〕 Still, the survival horror genre has persisted in one form or another.
== Definition ==
Survival horror refers to a subgenre of horror video games. The player character is vulnerable and under-armed,〔 which puts emphasis on puzzle-solving and evasion, rather than violence.〔 Games commonly challenge the player to manage their inventory〔 and ration scarce resources such as ammunition.〔〔 Another major theme throughout the genre is that of isolation. Typically, these games contain relatively few non-player characters and, as a result, frequently tell much of their story second-hand through the usage of journals, texts, or audio logs.
While many action games feature lone protagonists versus swarms of enemies in a suspenseful environment,〔 survival horror games are distinct from otherwise horror-themed action games. They tend to de-emphasize combat in favor of challenges such as hiding or running from enemies and solving puzzles.〔 Still, it is not unusual for survival horror games to draw upon elements from first-person shooters, action-adventure games, or even role-playing games.〔 "Survival horror is different from typical game genres in that it is not defined strictly by specific mechanics, but subject matter, tone, pacing, and design philosophy."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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